Two-Stage Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy System Considering Electricity–Heat Demand Response and Time-of-Use Energy Price

Abstract

Integrated energy systems (IESs) can realize the conversion and complementarity of various energy sources, which provides opportunities and challenges for the energy market. Considering that the user’s energy consumption is affected by the energy price difference, there is a problem that the new energy output in the comprehensive energy system does not fully match the user’s energy demand period. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a two-stage optimization model of “open source and reducing expenditure” to give full play to the potential of multiple energy sources on the load side to participate in demand response (DR) and combine low-carbon technology and market mechanisms to realize the low-carbon economic operation of the comprehensive energy system. In the first stage, a collaborative optimization strategy for electric and thermal DR is constructed from the aspect of “reducing expenditure,” a comprehensive load fuzzy DR mechanism based on the logistic function is constructed for electric load, and the load curve and time-of-use (TOU) energy price are optimized considering the coupling characteristics of user energy consumption, and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) solution to achieve peak shaving and valley filling. In the second stage, a joint operation model of carbon capture power plant (CCPP) and power-to-gas (P2G) equipment is built from the aspect of “open source,” and the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is considered to rationalize the unit output and achieve low-carbon emission reduction. The calculation results obtained through examples show that the total cost of the model is slightly reduced by 5.44%, but the actual total carbon emission of the system is greatly increased by 50.73%. It proves that the high-carbon power plant transformation and TOU energy price optimization strategy are effective for the low-carbon economic operation of the system and realize both economic benefits and benefits of the system.