Incidence of maxillofacial trauma related to kickboxing and the efficacy of protective equipment

Abstract

Introduction Kickboxing is a heavily participated combat sport within the UK. With the sport involving striking opponents, it is widely perceived to be associated with an elevated risk of maxillofacial injury. However, the research is limited, with gaps that require further investigation. This study aimed to assess the frequency and distribution of these injuries and whether protective modalities, including headgear and mouthguards, help reduce them. Materials and methods In total, 92 kickboxers completed an electronic questionnaire from 11 October to 11 November 2021. Results There was an incidence rate of 71.7% where participants had experienced at least one maxillofacial injury. The lip was the most affected (26.1%; p <0.05). Injury rates per participant for headgears, mouthguards and no protection were 2.1, 2.6 and 4.7, respectively. Conclusions Maxillofacial injuries in kickboxing have a prevalence of 71%. Protective equipment successfully reduced the frequency of maxillofacial injuries (p <0.05). Experience levels are a major contributor in the incidence of these injuries. Updated regulations to mandate protective equipment may significantly reduce incidence of injury. More research is required in relation to variables such as ethnicity and bone density to identify high-risk groups.