Stable Néel-Twisted Skyrmion Bags in a van der Waals Magnet Fe3–xGaTe2 at Room Temperature

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmion bags with diverse topological charges, Q, offer prospects for future spintronic devices based on freedom of Q, while their emergence in van der Waals magnets holds the potential in developing Q-based 2D topological spintronics. However, previous room temperature skyrmion bags necessitate special anisotropy engineering through disorder Fe intercalation, and the stable phase diagram for skyrmion bags across room temperature regions is lacking. Here, we demonstrate the observation and electrical manipulation of room temperature skyrmion bags in Fe_3–xGaTe₂ without specially designed Fe intercalation. Combining the pulsed currents with the assistance of magnetic fields, skyrmion bags with various topological charges are generated and annihilated. Especially double nested skyrmion bags are also discovered at room temperature. The stable temperature–field diagram of skyrmion bags has been established. We also demonstrate electrically controlled topological phase transformations of skyrmion bags. Our results will provide novel insights for the design of 2D skyrmion-based high-performance devices.