Variation of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G Serum Levels in Seropositive COVID-19 Patients in Mazandaran, Iran: A Six-Month Investigation.

Abstract

Background: Forecasting the longevity of patients' immune stability could be the most effective approach to preventing illnesses. This study investigates immunoglobulin M (IgM) serum longevity, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and corresponding risk factors in the first phase seropositive patients in Mazandaran, Iran.

Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess IgM and IgG serum levels in a cohort of 184 seropositive patients during six months. The data analysis involved various statistical methods including descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, independent and paired t-tests, and single and multivariate logistic regression.

Results: A total of 103 (56%) patients lacked the necessary antibodies, whereas 81 (44%) remained seropositive. According to the results of multivariable logistic regression, patients with a travel history, hospital admissions, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) had 3.24 (P=0.04), 12.63 (P=0.018), and 9.79 (P=0.001) times higher chances of stable seropositivity, respectively. The average IgG and IgM serum levels fell by 4.5 and 3 units, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, serum levels of IgM and IgG increased by 12% and 12.5%, respectively, and dropped by 75.5% in both serums. There was no increase in either serum level for any of the patients.

Conclusion: The duration of immune serum stability in patients can significantly reduce disease mortality. The concurrent detection of IgM and IgG antibodies also assists in identifying the infectious stage.