Rapid Sampling of Large Quantities of Interstitial Fluid from Human Skin Using Microneedles and a Vacuum-assisted Skin Patch.

Abstract

Interstitial fluid (ISF) is a promising diagnostic sample due to its extensive biomolecular content while being safer and less invasive to collect than blood. However, existing ISF sampling methods are time-consuming, require specialized equipment, and yield small amounts of fluid (<5 μL). We have recently reported a simple and minimally invasive technique for rapidly sampling larger quantities of dermal ISF using a microneedle (MN) array to generate micropores in the skin from which ISF is extracted using a vacuum-assisted skin patch. Here, we present step-by-step protocols for fabricating the MN array and skin patch, as well as for using them to sample ISF from human skin. Using this technique, an average of 20.8 μL of dermal ISF can be collected within 25 min, which is a ∼6-fold improvement over existing ISF sampling methods. Furthermore, the technique is well-tolerated and does not require the use of expensive or specialized equipment. The ability to collect ample volumes of ISF in a quick and minimally invasive manner will facilitate the analysis of ISF for biomarker discovery and its use for diagnostic testing. Key features • Minimally invasive (bloodless and nearly painless) technique for sampling ISF from human skin. • An average of 20.8 μL of interstitial fluid can be collected within 25 min. • This technique does not require expensive or specialized equipment or electricity. • Collected ISF can be analyzed using conventional laboratory-based assays or point-of-care diagnostic tests.