Clinically meaningful interpretability of an AI model for ECG classification

Abstract

Despite the high accuracy of AI-based automated analysis of 12-lead ECG images for classification of cardiac conditions, clinical integration of such tools is hindered by limited interpretability of model recommendations. We aim to demonstrate the feasibility of a generic, clinical resource interpretability tool for AI models analyzing digitized 12-lead ECG images. To this end, we utilized the sensitivity of the Jacobian matrix to compute the gradient of the classifier for each pixel and provide medical relevance interpretability. Our methodology was validated using a dataset consisting of 79,226 labeled scanned ECG images, 11,316 unlabeled and 1807 labeled images obtained via mobile camera in clinical settings. The tool provided interpretability for both morphological and arrhythmogenic conditions, highlighting features in terms understandable to physician. It also emphasized significant signal features indicating the absence of certain cardiac conditions. High correlation was achieved between our method of interpretability and gold standard interpretations of 3 electrophysiologists.