Mealtime situations in nursing homes from the residents' perspective - an integrative review.

Abstract

Background: When moving to a nursing home, the new resident also meets a new kind of culture, including communal, shared meals. Gaining greater insight into the resident experience of mealtimes in nursing homes is essential to identify the meaning that mealtime situations have and highlight the potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of mealtime situations that create wellbeing for residents. The aim of this integrative review was therefore to shed light on mealtime situations in nursing homes from the residents' perspective.

Methods: The literature search was performed using a combination of MeSH keywords and free text terms in ASSIA, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science. After scrutinizing the articles and quality checks, 13 articles were chosen. The analysis was performed following Whittemore and Knafl's instructions for integrative reviews.

Results: The experiences of the mealtime situations were partly connected to residents' personhood and partly to the nursing home's organization of the mealtimes. Three main categories emerged: mealtimes as a source of well-being in nursing home life, mealtimes (re)creating continuity in life and preserving identity, and mealtimes as a balancing act between autonomy and need of support. Residents in nursing homes want the possibility to choose both what to eat, with whom they will eat and where they eat. The mealtimes in nursing homes and how they are constructed have an important role in residents' feelings of having control over their life situation and can also strengthen residents' identity and autonomy.

Conclusion: Staff needs to be aware of the meaning of mealtimes to promote person-centered care in regard to meals. Further research is needed to explore how different mealtime situations have an impact on nursing home residents' lives as well as on the care the staff gives.