Super-resolution synthetic MRI using deep learning reconstruction for accurate diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the accuracy of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) technique on synthetic MRI (SyMRI) including T2 measurements and diagnostic performance of DLR synthetic MRI (SyMRI_DL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) using conventional MRI as standard reference.

Materials and methods: This prospective study recruited 36 volunteers and 70 patients with suspected KOA from May to October 2023. DLR and non-DLR synthetic T2 measurements (T2-SyMRI_DL, T2-SyMRI) for phantom and in vivo knee cartilage were compared with multi-echo fast-spin-echo (MESE) sequence acquired standard T2 values (T2_MESE). The inter-reader agreement on qualitative evaluation of SyMRI_DL and the positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percentage agreement (NPA) were analyzed using routine images as standard diagnosis.

Results: DLR significantly narrowed the quantitative differences between T2-SyMRI_DL and T2_MESE for 0.8 ms with 95% LOA [-5.5, 7.1]. The subjective assessment between DLR synthetic MR images and conventional MRI was comparable (all p > 0.05); Inter-reader agreement for SyMRI_DL and conventional MRI was substantial to almost perfect with values between 0.62 and 0.88. SyMRI_DL MOAKS had substantial inter-reader agreement and high PPA/NPA values (95%/99%) using conventional MRI as standard reference. Moreover, T2-SyMRI_DL measurements instead of non-DLR ones significantly differentiated normal-appearing from injury-visible cartilages.

Conclusion: DLR synthetic knee MRI provided both weighted images for clinical diagnosis and accurate T2 measurements for more confidently identifying early cartilage degeneration from normal-appearing cartilages.

Critical relevance statement: One-acquisition synthetic MRI based on deep learning reconstruction provided an accurate quantitative T2 map and morphologic images in relatively short scan time for more confidently identifying early cartilage degeneration from normal-appearing cartilages compared to the conventional morphologic knee sequences.

Key points: Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) synthetic knee cartilage T2 values showed no difference from conventional ones. DLR synthetic T1-, proton density-, STIR-weighted images had high positive percent agreement and negative percentage agreement using MRI OA Knee Score features. DLR synthetic T2 measurements could identify early cartilage degeneration from normal-appearing ones.