A review of organophosphorus esters in soil: Pollution status, migration, risks, and transformation

IF 6.6 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100599

Yu Cheng , Xuehao Zheng , Cuihua Hu , Qing Luo , Xingyi Liu , Shoujiang Liu , Peng He , Keke Chang , Fengxia Yang , Yongzhen Ding

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Abstract

Organophosphorus esters (OPEs) are extensively used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various industrial products. However, their release into the environment and associated toxicity have garnered increasing research attention. This study provides an overview of OPEs in soil, focusing on pollution sources, distribution, migration, risks, and transformation. Existing studies suggest that OPEs are widely present in soil, with concentrations ranging from non-detectable levels to 80,300 ng/g. These compounds can migrate to other environmental media through processes such as adsorption, desorption, volatilization, and bioaccumulation. OPEs exhibit reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity to soil fauna. In soil, OPEs can undergo hydrolysis and photolysis to degrade into diesters or monoesters, or they can biodegrade through specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Finally, this study discusses unresolved issues and future research directions on OPEs in soil, aiming to provide valuable references for related fields.

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土壤中有机磷酯的污染现状、迁移、风险和转化

有机磷酯（OPEs）广泛用于各种工业产品的阻燃剂和增塑剂。然而，它们释放到环境中以及相关的毒性已经引起了越来越多的研究关注。本研究概述了土壤中有机磷农药的污染来源、分布、迁移、风险和转化。现有研究表明，OPEs广泛存在于土壤中，浓度从无法检测到80,300纳克/克不等。这些化合物可以通过吸附、解吸、挥发和生物积累等过程迁移到其他环境介质中。OPEs对土壤动物表现出生殖毒性、发育毒性和神经毒性。在土壤中，OPEs可以通过水解和光解降解为二酯或单酯，也可以通过特定的酶催化反应进行生物降解。最后，本研究对土壤中OPEs存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了探讨，旨在为相关领域提供有价值的参考。

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