{"title":"Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals","authors":"Jongwoo Jeong;Leung Tsang;Mehmet Kurum;Abesh Ghosh;Andreas Colliander;Simon Yueh;Kyle McDonald;Nicholas Steiner;Michael H. Cosh","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3533313","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Full-wave simulations at L-band using the fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method (FHMSTM) have been applied to the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts using the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2022 (SMAPVEX22) dataset. Due to the limitations of commercial full-wave electromagnetic solvers, the FHMSTM is our choice considering its efficient and fast solutions. During SMAPVEX22, scientists collected a dataset of tree sizes, tree positions (derived from light detection and ranging measurement), and microwave signals utilizing the Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry approach. The 3-D geometric forest model provides 300 trees with heights up to 19 m by processing the dataset. We import the forest model into the FHMSTM and analyze microwave propagation at MA401. The FHMSTM analysis shows that the transmissivity ranges from 0.627 to 0.674 for the vertically polarized incident wave source and from 0.593 to 0.665 for the horizontally polarized incident wave source. To validate the FHMSTM, a comparison is made with the GNSS signals. The comparison results of microwaves are in good agreement, demonstrating the physical results such as shadowing effects under the trees and higher electric amplitudes at some points in forests compared to that of the open area. We also analyze the effects of tapered trees in this study.","PeriodicalId":13116,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","volume":"18 ","pages":"5395-5405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850750","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10850750/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Full-wave simulations at L-band using the fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method (FHMSTM) have been applied to the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts using the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2022 (SMAPVEX22) dataset. Due to the limitations of commercial full-wave electromagnetic solvers, the FHMSTM is our choice considering its efficient and fast solutions. During SMAPVEX22, scientists collected a dataset of tree sizes, tree positions (derived from light detection and ranging measurement), and microwave signals utilizing the Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry approach. The 3-D geometric forest model provides 300 trees with heights up to 19 m by processing the dataset. We import the forest model into the FHMSTM and analyze microwave propagation at MA401. The FHMSTM analysis shows that the transmissivity ranges from 0.627 to 0.674 for the vertically polarized incident wave source and from 0.593 to 0.665 for the horizontally polarized incident wave source. To validate the FHMSTM, a comparison is made with the GNSS signals. The comparison results of microwaves are in good agreement, demonstrating the physical results such as shadowing effects under the trees and higher electric amplitudes at some points in forests compared to that of the open area. We also analyze the effects of tapered trees in this study.
期刊介绍：
The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing addresses the growing field of applications in Earth observations and remote sensing, and also provides a venue for the rapidly expanding special issues that are being sponsored by the IEEE Geosciences and Remote Sensing Society. The journal draws upon the experience of the highly successful “IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing” and provide a complementary medium for the wide range of topics in applied earth observations. The ‘Applications’ areas encompasses the societal benefit areas of the Global Earth Observations Systems of Systems (GEOSS) program. Through deliberations over two years, ministers from 50 countries agreed to identify nine areas where Earth observation could positively impact the quality of life and health of their respective countries. Some of these are areas not traditionally addressed in the IEEE context. These include biodiversity, health and climate. Yet it is the skill sets of IEEE members, in areas such as observations, communications, computers, signal processing, standards and ocean engineering, that form the technical underpinnings of GEOSS. Thus, the Journal attracts a broad range of interests that serves both present members in new ways and expands the IEEE visibility into new areas.
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