Study of Glycolic and Lactobionic Acids in Water-Soluble Sodium Benzoate Solutions: An Acoustic and Thermodynamic Approaches

Abstract

The thermodynamic behavior of glycolic and lactobionic acids in aqueous sodium benzoate solution provides an understanding of the nature of interactions with such systems. The experimental investigation involved measuring the density, denoted by ‘ρ,’ as well as the sound speed, represented by ‘c.’ Ultrasonic and volumetric characteristics for the liquid system (Sodium Benzoate + Water + Glycolic Acid/Lactobionic Acid) are investigated throughout a range of potassium benzoate concentrations (0.1, 0.4, 0.7) mol‧kg⁻¹ at a fixed pressure and several temperatures. The investigational values of densities and sound velocities were utilized to calculate various parameters, including apparent and partial molar characteristics, transfer parameters, expansibilities, temperature-dependent derivatives, and the coefficient of thermal expansibility. The findings are interpreted by examining the interactions occurring within the liquid system, using the co-sphere overlap approach as a theoretical framework. Thermodynamic parameters are employed to analyze interaction coefficients, which provide an understanding of the interactions between components in the ternary liquid combinations.