In situ sorbent formation dispersive solid phase extraction for multi-elemental analysis: a new approach using cyclen and a magnetic ionic liquid†

Abstract

This study introduces an in situ sorbent formation dispersive solid-phase extraction method for the simultaneous extraction of seven metal ions (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in petroleum samples. For this purpose, a home-made extraction device was used to perform the method on a relatively high volume of sample solution. The method employed cyclen as both a sorbent and a chelator. Also, a magnetic ionic liquid was used as the collection/dissolution solvent. Rigorous optimization yielded a wide linear range, low detection limits, good precision (relative standard deviations ≤8.5%), and high extraction recoveries (56–72%). The method's performance was validated in real petroleum samples from Iraq and Iran, demonstrating its applicability, accuracy, and robustness against matrix effects. The method was successfully utilized for the determination of target metal ions in real samples.