Aeroallergen sensitivity patterns in Gulf countries: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Successful management of allergic diseases necessitates accurate diagnosis, implementation of appropriate allergen avoidance techniques, and medical therapies. However, data availability regarding aeroallergens in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is limited.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies conducted in Gulf countries on individuals diagnosed with or tested for aeroallergen sensitivities, focusing on prevalence and respiratory health impacts. The search strategy followed the PRISMA guidelines and was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to November 12, 2023.

Results

A total of 27 studies, both adult and pediatric, were included in this systematic review. Aeroallergen sensitization was assessed using skin prick testing (SPT) in 15 studies; 5 used in vitro methods, 2 employed both, 4 relied on self-reports, and 1 on aerobiological monitoring. Sensitization rates varied considerably, influenced by factors such as age, demographics, and location. Sensitization was noted to allergens shared with Western populations, and to those native to the region for example, house dust mite sensitization ranged from 15% to 78%, Salsola from 13% to 78%. Up to 65.1% of allergen-positive individuals demonstrated polysensitization. Sensitization patterns differed between indigenous populations and expatriates, with local allergens being more prevalent among natives. Sensitization rates were lower in younger children but increased with age.

Conclusion

Our systematic review highlights the crucial importance of providing allergen-sensitivity information that is specifically tailored to the local environment. This tailored approach can improve clinical diagnosis, enable appropriate allergen avoidance and immunotherapy strategies, and result in potential cost savings.