Exploring the molecular differentiation of sex chromosomes in Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

IF 2.8 4区生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Biology Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1007/s11033-025-10277-w

M Cecilia Giardini, Fabián H Milla, Claudia A Conte, Silvia B Lanzavecchia, Mariela Nieves

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Abstract

Background: The South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 belongs to a cryptic species complex with only a single morphotype present in Argentina, which possess polymorphisms in the sex chromosomes, identified by two X (X₁, X₂) and two Y (Y₅, Y₆) variants. Our aim was to explore the molecular composition of the sex chromosomes identified in the laboratory strain Af-Y-short due to it possesses the most frequent sex chromosomes variants, and the smallest Y chromosome found in wild populations and laboratory colonies of A. fraterculus sp. 1.

Methods and results: Whole Comparative Genomic Hybridization (W-CGH) was applied to the Af-Y-short laboratory strain to identify potential differences in the size and composition of highly repetitive DNA blocks between individuals, morphs or sexes. Our results showed that the X₁ and X₂ share complete homology in euchromatic regions, also sharing similar sequences with the Y₅ chromosome in the centromeric region. Females X₁X₁ and X₁X₂ exhibited repetitive DNA in telomeric regions which contributed to their morphological differentiation, while the Y chromosome evidenced the accumulation of specific and differential repetitive sequences. In contrast, autosomes showed balanced signal with no sex-chromosome-specific sequence accumulation.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the role of repetitive DNA in the differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes in A. fraterculus sp. 1, shedding new light on the origin and diversification of Anastrepha species in South America and providing valuable cytogenetic insights for future research.

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利用比较基因组杂交技术（CGH）研究异卵大鼠性染色体的分子分化。

背景：南美果蝇Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1属于阿根廷一种仅存在单一形态的隐种复合体，其性染色体具有多态性，由两个X （X1, X2）和两个Y （Y5, Y6）变体确定。实验菌株Af-Y-short具有最常见的性染色体变异，并且在野外种群和实验室群体中发现的Y染色体最小，因此我们的目的是探索性染色体的分子组成。方法与结果：采用全比较基因组杂交（W-CGH）技术对实验室菌株Af-Y-short进行鉴定，以确定个体、形态或性别之间高度重复DNA片段的大小和组成的潜在差异。结果表明，X1和X2在常染色质区具有完全的同源性，在着丝粒区与Y5染色体具有相似的序列。雌性X1X1和X1X2在端粒区表现出重复的DNA，这有助于它们的形态分化，而Y染色体则表现出特异性和差异性重复序列的积累。相比之下，常染色体表现出平衡的信号，没有性别染色体特异性序列积累。结论：我们的研究结果突出了重复DNA在A. fraterculus sp. 1性染色体分化和进化中的作用，为南美Anastrepha物种的起源和多样化提供了新的思路，并为未来的研究提供了有价值的细胞遗传学见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Biology Reports 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

1048

审稿时长

5.6 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Biology Reports publishes original research papers and review articles that demonstrate novel molecular and cellular findings in both eukaryotes (animals, plants, algae, funghi) and prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea).The journal publishes results of both fundamental and translational research as well as new techniques that advance experimental progress in the field and presents original research papers, short communications and (mini-) reviews.