Niki Oldenburg, Douglas G Mashek, Lisa Harnack, Qi Wang, Emily N C Manoogian, Nicholas Evanoff, Donald R Dengel, Abdisa Taddese, Brad P Yentzer, Lesia Lysne, Alison Wong, Michelle Hanson, Julie D Anderson, Alison Alvear, Nicole LaPage, Justin Ryder, Krista Varady, Zan Gao, Suryeon Ryu, Patrick J Bolan, Bryan Bergman, Erika Helgeson, Satchidananda Panda, Lisa S Chow
{"title":"Time-restricted eating, caloric reduction, and unrestricted eating effects on weight and metabolism: a randomized trial.","authors":"Niki Oldenburg, Douglas G Mashek, Lisa Harnack, Qi Wang, Emily N C Manoogian, Nicholas Evanoff, Donald R Dengel, Abdisa Taddese, Brad P Yentzer, Lesia Lysne, Alison Wong, Michelle Hanson, Julie D Anderson, Alison Alvear, Nicole LaPage, Justin Ryder, Krista Varady, Zan Gao, Suryeon Ryu, Patrick J Bolan, Bryan Bergman, Erika Helgeson, Satchidananda Panda, Lisa S Chow","doi":"10.1002/oby.24252","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Metabolic improvements may precede weight loss. We compared the effects of self-selected 8-h time-restricted eating (TRE), 15% caloric restriction (CR), and unrestricted eating (UE) on weight, body composition, caloric intake, glycemic measures, and metabolic flexibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-week randomized-controlled trial, we measured weight (primary outcome), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging), caloric intake (24-h recall), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and glycemic measures (hemoglobin A1c, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, continuous glucose monitoring).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 88 enrolled participants, 81 (92%) completed the trial (mean [SD], age, 43.2 [10.5] years, BMI, 36.2 [5.1] kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 54.5% female, 84.1% White). Final eating windows were 9.8 h (95% CI: 9.0 to 10.6) for TRE, 12.9 h (95% CI: 11.9 to 13.9) for CR, and 11.8 h (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.7) for UE. Compared with UE (n = 29), weight changes were -1.4 kg (95% CI: -4.5 to 1.7; p = 0.53) with TRE (n = 30) and -2.5 kg (95% CI: -5.8 to 0.8; p = 0.18) with CR (n = 29). TRE showed lower metabolic flexibility than CR (-0.041 [95% CI: -0.080 to -0.002]). Weight, body composition, caloric intake, and glycemic measures were similar among groups. Eating window reduction correlated with decreased caloric intake and visceral fat.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a 12-week intervention, TRE did not lead to significant improvements in weight, average body composition, or glycemic or metabolic measures compared with CR or UE.</p>","PeriodicalId":94163,"journal":{"name":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.24252","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic improvements may precede weight loss. We compared the effects of self-selected 8-h time-restricted eating (TRE), 15% caloric restriction (CR), and unrestricted eating (UE) on weight, body composition, caloric intake, glycemic measures, and metabolic flexibility.
Methods: In this 12-week randomized-controlled trial, we measured weight (primary outcome), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging), caloric intake (24-h recall), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and glycemic measures (hemoglobin A1c, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, continuous glucose monitoring).
Results: Of the 88 enrolled participants, 81 (92%) completed the trial (mean [SD], age, 43.2 [10.5] years, BMI, 36.2 [5.1] kg/m2; 54.5% female, 84.1% White). Final eating windows were 9.8 h (95% CI: 9.0 to 10.6) for TRE, 12.9 h (95% CI: 11.9 to 13.9) for CR, and 11.8 h (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.7) for UE. Compared with UE (n = 29), weight changes were -1.4 kg (95% CI: -4.5 to 1.7; p = 0.53) with TRE (n = 30) and -2.5 kg (95% CI: -5.8 to 0.8; p = 0.18) with CR (n = 29). TRE showed lower metabolic flexibility than CR (-0.041 [95% CI: -0.080 to -0.002]). Weight, body composition, caloric intake, and glycemic measures were similar among groups. Eating window reduction correlated with decreased caloric intake and visceral fat.
Conclusions: In a 12-week intervention, TRE did not lead to significant improvements in weight, average body composition, or glycemic or metabolic measures compared with CR or UE.