Exploring the therapeutic potential of Ixora extract: a comprehensive review of mediated studies

Abstract

Traditional Herbal Medicine Systems, commonly known as Complementary and Alternative Systems of Medicine, is currently one of the most extensively researched subjects. The genus Ixora belongs to the family Rubiaceae, which is commonly referred to as the Madder family. It comprises 500 species and is one of the most investigated herbs today. For centuries, ethnic groups have incorporated various parts of the Ixora plant (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) into Ayurvedic medicine to treat a range of ailments, including hepatic disorders, diarrhea, cancer, tumors, microbial infections, antioxidants, pain, ulcers, anti-tumor properties, and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to the extensive use of the Ixora genus in traditional medicine, researchers were compelled to examine the phytochemical composition of its various species. Multiple studies on the genus Ixora, which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, have uncovered a rich assortment of phenolic compounds. These include flavonoids, tannins, aromatic acrid oils, poly-sterols, saponins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, peptides, and terpenoids. Over the past 50 years, extensive phytochemical studies have been conducted on the genus Ixora, these studies have not only revealed the composition of the plant extract, but they have also helped to develop a comprehensive pharmacological profile. In doing so, these studies have provided scientific evidence supporting the ethno-medicinal uses of the plant. Every part of various Ixora species is said to possess beneficial properties which have added to its value as a medicinal plant. The purpose of this review is to thoroughly analyze the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the Ixora genus. Along the way present an updated and categorized compilation of the scientific evidence of its medicinal properties. As a result, it aims to inspire scholars to pursue additional research on this particular genus.

Graphical abstract