Oxidation-Deformylation Cascade Catalyzed By a Mononuclear Copper Complex

Abstract

In this study, two copper complexes were synthesized using N3 (arising from two pyridines and one amide group) containing ligands N-(2-picolyl)picolinamide (L¹H) and bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine (L²H), forming [(L¹)Cu^II(OH₂)(NO₃)] (1) and [(L²)Cu^II(OH₂)₂](NO₃) (2). The reaction of complex 1 with hydrogen peroxide in alcoholic solvents yielded a formate-bound complex. Studies with isotopically labeled ¹³C ethanol indicated that formate originates from the C1 of ethanol after C−C bond cleavage. Complex 1 was found to catalytically convert primary alcohols into formic acid probably following a two-step process: (i) alcohol oxidation to aldehyde and (ii) aldehyde deformylation. Further experiments with 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (2-PPA) confirm the ability of complex 1 to catalyze aldehyde deformylation. Both steps of the reaction are associated with significant kinetic deuterium isotope effects (KDIE), suggesting that hydrogen atom abstractions (HAA) occur during the rate-determining steps of both conversions. Overall, this system proposes a clean catalytic process for alcohol-to-formic acid conversion, operating under mild conditions, and offering potential synthetic applications.