Progress on direct regulation of systemic immunity by the central nervous system.

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY World neurosurgery Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.123814

Xiaotian Tan, Junming Zhang, Weiming Chen, Tunan Chen, Gaoyu Cui, Zhi Liu, Rong Hu

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Abstract

This article reviews the research progress on the direct regulation of the immune system by the central nervous system. The traditional "neuro-endocrine-immune" network model has confirmed the close connection between the central nervous system and the immune system. However, due to the complex mediating role of the endocrine system, its application in clinical treatment is limited. In recent years, the direct regulation of the peripheral immune system through the central nervous system has provided new methods for the clinical treatment of neuro-immune related diseases. This article analyzes the changes in the peripheral immune system after central nervous system injury and summarizes the effects of various stimulation methods, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation(SCS), and vagus nerve stimulation(VNS), on the peripheral immune system(Figure1). Additionally, it explores the clinical research progress and future development directions of these stimulation methods. It is proposed that these neural regulation techniques exhibit positive effects in reducing peripheral inflammation, protecting immune cells and organ functions, and improving immunosuppressive states, providing new perspectives and therapeutic potential for the treatment of immune-related diseases.

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来源期刊

World neurosurgery CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-SURGERY

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

15.00%

发文量

1765

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： World Neurosurgery has an open access mirror journal World Neurosurgery: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The journal''s mission is to: -To provide a first-class international forum and a 2-way conduit for dialogue that is relevant to neurosurgeons and providers who care for neurosurgery patients. The categories of the exchanged information include clinical and basic science, as well as global information that provide social, political, educational, economic, cultural or societal insights and knowledge that are of significance and relevance to worldwide neurosurgery patient care. -To act as a primary intellectual catalyst for the stimulation of creativity, the creation of new knowledge, and the enhancement of quality neurosurgical care worldwide. -To provide a forum for communication that enriches the lives of all neurosurgeons and their colleagues; and, in so doing, enriches the lives of their patients. Topics to be addressed in World Neurosurgery include: EDUCATION, ECONOMICS, RESEARCH, POLITICS, HISTORY, CULTURE, CLINICAL SCIENCE, LABORATORY SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES, CLINICAL IMAGES, VIDEOS