A multi-factor CFD simulation to dust suppression in dynamic tunnel excavation

Abstract

This study investigates dust suppression in mining tunnels using a multi-factor simulation framework, advancing beyond traditional single-method approaches. We integrated dynamic roadheader operations, belt conveyor transport, onboard spraying, wet scrubbers, water curtain filtration, and drainage channels within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). User-Defined Functions (UDFs) were employed to simulate dust suppression processes by spray and water curtains. On-site experiments were conducted alongside CFD simulations to validate the effectiveness of the combined measures. Results indicate that the integrated dust suppression strategies are significantly more effective than the standalone onboard dust suppression system. Activating sequential water curtains and spray systems reduced dust concentrations by up to 80.4% in key tunnel sections, with notable reductions in high dust concentration areas. This multi-factor approach effectively stabilized airflow, reduced dust dispersion, and prevented the formation of large dust clouds, creating a safer and healthier work environment.