A Review on the Detection of Perchlorate in Water and Food Samples, Health Impacts, and Analytical Methods

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07803-8

Praveen Kumar, MuthuKumar Raghunathan

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Abstract

Perchlorate is a persistent and long-lasting pollutant discovered in many water and food sources worldwide, causing widespread concern. It is a hormone disruptor that impacts human health by interfering with the thyroid gland's natural function. It is rapidly absorbed in humans and experimental animals following oral administration. Adults, fetuses, and neonates who are iodine-deficient may be particularly vulnerable to perchlorate sensitivity. Since perchlorate is widely present in surface water and groundwater, it is exposed to the aquatic environment. Solid fuels, ammunition, fireworks, fertilizers, vehicle airbag activators, and flares contain perchlorate as an oxidizing agent. Currently, many studies are being done on determining sources and remedial methods. For biological and environmental matrices, trace perchlorate levels have been measured in drinking water, sewage, milk, beer, blood, saliva, breast milk, fruits, and vegetables. The goal of this review focuses on analytical methods of perchlorate detection and prospects.

Graphical Abstract

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在全球许多水源和食物中发现的高氯酸盐是一种持久性污染物，引起了广泛关注。它是一种激素干扰物，会干扰甲状腺的自然功能，从而影响人体健康。人类和实验动物口服后会迅速吸收。缺碘的成年人、胎儿和新生儿尤其容易对高氯酸盐敏感。由于高氯酸盐广泛存在于地表水和地下水中，因此会暴露于水生环境中。固体燃料、弹药、烟花、化肥、汽车安全气囊启动器和照明弹都含有作为氧化剂的高氯酸盐。目前，许多研究正在确定来源和补救方法。对于生物和环境基质，已在饮用水、污水、牛奶、啤酒、血液、唾液、母乳、水果和蔬菜中测得了痕量高氯酸盐含量。本综述的目标侧重于高氯酸盐的分析检测方法和前景。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.