Cas9 Mouse Model of Skull Base Meningioma Driven by Combinational Gene Inactivation in Meningeal Cells

Abstract

Introduction

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) gene inactivation is common in sporadic and Nf2-related meningioma. There is currently scant literature describing the development of an intracranial meningioma model in animals. Given the role of Nf2 and other gene inactivation in meningeal cells, we used Cas9 mice here as the background host to establish a new animal model of skull base meningioma in this study.

Aims

Cas9 transgenic mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory and raised in our institution. Subsequently, meningeal cells were obtained from the Cas9 transgenic mice, cultured in medium, and passaged in vitro. We then prepared lentivirus vector pLentiCre/gRNA, which could express the elements blocking the function of four genes: Nf2, P15^Ink4b, P16^Ink4a, and P19^Arf. We infected the meningeal cells with the lentivirus vector pLentiCre/gRNA and tested the expression of these four genes in those infected meningeal cells. Next, adeno-associated virus vector pAAVCre/gRNA was injected in vivo into the skull base meningeal cells of the neonate Cas9 transgenic mice. These mice were observed once a week and killed 10 months later for brain inspection and pathological analysis.

Results

Twenty Cas9 transgenic mice were successfully bred. Five mice were killed so that meningeal cells could be extracted, cultured, and infected with the lentivirus vector pLentiCre/gRNA for 72 h in vitro. The gene function test showed that Nf2, P15^Ink4b, P16^Ink4a, and P19^Arf were all blocked in the infected meningeal cells, which indicated that the lentivirus vector pLentiCre/gRNA could effectively block the expression of the four genes in targeted cells. Then pAAVCre/gRNA was injected into the skull base meningeal cells of 15 mice in vivo, and nine mice were observed for 10 months so that the intracranial tumor growth could be assessed. Among these nine mice, pathological analysis showed that six mice had benign meningioma subtypes similar to human meningioma, one mouse had atypical meningioma, one mouse had malignant meningioma, and one mouse had sarcoma.

Conclusions

The Cas9 mouse model of skull base meningioma generated with the Nf2 genetic defect and the combinational loss of P15^Ink4b, P16^Ink4a, and P19^Arf could provide a new tool for investigating the pathogenesis of meningioma and the development of chemical interventions for this disease.