Stress and Anxiety Are Associated with Increased Metabolic Syndrome Risk Among Young Adults Living in the Deep South.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the association among perceived stress, anxiety, and depression with both the metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and diagnostic status among young adults in the Deep South. Methods: Participants included 132 young adults aged 18-39 (M_age = 27.73, SD = 11.11; M_BMI = 27.6, SD = 6.8; 56.5% female; 55.7% White) living in Mississippi. In addition to completing self-report measures of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, all of the participants underwent anthropometric, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and lipid assessments to ascertain the MetS status. The participants were provided with both a MetS diagnosis (defined as a dichotomous yes/no variable) as well as a continuous MetS risk severity score determined using existing equations. The risk scores ranged from -1 to +1, with positive scores indicating an increased risk for MetS. Results: After controlling for age, biological sex, race, medication use, and education level, multiple regression models revealed significant positive relationships between perceived stress (b = 0.03; p = 0.017) and anxiety symptoms (b = 0.01; p = 0.039) with the MetS severity. Perceived stress (p = 0.017) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.043) were also significantly higher among participants with MetS compared to those without. There were no significant associations between the MetS severity and depressive symptoms, and no differences in depressive symptoms in participants with versus without MetS. Conclusions: The results highlight the role of stress and anxiety not only in MetS but in the overall metabolic risk among young adults living in the Deep South. The results highlight the importance of intervening on stress and anxiety early in adulthood to help mitigate cardiometabolic health risk.