Comprehensive Imaging Insights into Post-Cholecystectomy Complications for Enhanced Clinical Practice.

Abstract

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of post-cholecystectomy complications, including their classification, diagnostic approaches, and clinical management, with a focus on imaging modalities and their role in improving patient outcomes.Design: This review integrates current evidence from relevant studies and clinical guidelines to categorize and describe early and late complications after cholecystectomy. Imaging findings, management strategies, and multidisciplinary considerations are emphasized.Setting: Data were synthesized from peer-reviewed literature and case studies involving post-cholecystectomy patients in diverse clinical settings.Participants: Patients undergoing laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy and subsequently presenting with complications such as bile duct injuries, bile leaks, vascular injuries, or stone-related conditions.Methods: A systematic approach was employed to identify common and rare complications. Each complication was categorized by anatomical location, timing of presentation, and severity. The diagnostic utility of imaging modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was critically evaluated.Results: Post-cholecystectomy complications significantly impact morbidity. Early complications include bile duct injuries, bile leaks, vascular injuries, and infectious processes. Late complications, such as bile duct strictures, retained stones, and Mirizzi syndrome are associated with higher diagnostic complexity. Imaging modalities play a crucial role in early detection and management, with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography offering superior diagnostic and therapeutic potential.Conclusion: Post-cholecystectomy complications require timely recognition and multidisciplinary management. Imaging studies are indispensable for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This review highlights key complications and their imaging characteristics, aiding clinicians in optimizing patient outcomes.