Examination of the relationship between spectral type and stellar rotational velocity in \(\sim \,\)50,000 single stars

Abstract

In this study, we present the results of the relationship between spectral type (ST) and the projected stellar rotational velocity (\(v\sin i\)), utilizing a sample of \(\sim \,\)50,000 single stars across a range of evolutionary stages. The STs of the stars included in this study span a broad range, from O0 to M9. We examine the stars in our data set, which has been divided into two groups according to ST and luminosity class (LC). The groups have investigated the relationship between the mean \(v\sin i\) (\(\langle v\sin i \rangle \)) and STs, as well as the dependence of \(\langle v\sin i \rangle \) on STs and LCs. The rationale for investigating the two subgroups separately is to take into account for the evolutionary status of the stars and ascertain the impact on stellar rotation. The results demonstrate a notable decline in \(\langle v\sin i \rangle \) as the spectral type progresses from early to late types. In particular, we found a significant decrease in \(\langle v\sin i \rangle \) values, amounting to \(\sim \)100 km \(\hbox {s}^{-1}\), between hot stars (STs O0 to F2) and cool stars (STs F2 to M9). Moreover, a reduction in \(\langle v\sin i \rangle \) is discernible as stars evolve, with this trend being most pronounced in evolutionary stages beyond the subgiant phase.