A Tutorial on Movable Antennas for Wireless Networks

IF 34.4 1区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1109/COMST.2025.3546373

Lipeng Zhu;Wenyan Ma;Weidong Mei;Yong Zeng;Qingqing Wu;Boyu Ning;Zhenyu Xiao;Xiaodan Shao;Jun Zhang;Rui Zhang

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Abstract

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to enhance the performance of wireless communication and sensing by enabling antenna movement. Such a significant paradigm shift from conventional fixed antennas (FAs) to MAs offers tremendous new opportunities towards realizing more versatile, adaptive and efficient next-generation wireless networks such as 6G. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial on the fundamentals and advancements in the area of MA-empowered wireless networks. First, we overview the historical development and contemporary applications of MA technologies. Next, to characterize the continuous variation in wireless channels with respect to antenna position and/or orientation, we present new field-response channel models tailored for MAs, which are applicable to narrowband and wideband systems as well as far-field and near-field propagation conditions. Subsequently, we review the state-of-the-art architectures for implementing MAs and discuss their practical constraints. A general optimization framework is then formulated to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in antenna movement for performance enhancement in wireless systems. In particular, we delve into two major design issues for MA systems. First, we address the intricate antenna movement optimization problem for various communication and/or sensing systems to maximize the performance gains achievable by MAs. Second, we deal with the challenging channel acquisition issue in MA systems for reconstructing the channel mapping between arbitrary antenna positions inside the transmitter and receiver regions. Moreover, we show existing prototypes developed for MA-aided communication/sensing and the experimental results based on them. Finally, the extension of MA design to other wireless systems and its synergy with other emerging wireless technologies are discussed. We also highlight promising research directions in this area to inspire future investigations.

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无线网络可移动天线教程

可移动天线（MA）已被认为是一种很有前途的技术，可以通过使天线移动来提高无线通信和传感的性能。这种从传统固定天线（fa）到MAs的重大转变为实现更通用、自适应和高效的下一代无线网络（如6G）提供了巨大的新机会。在本文中，我们提供了一个全面的教程，在基础和进展领域的ma授权无线网络。首先，我们概述了MA技术的历史发展和当代应用。接下来，为了描述无线信道在天线位置和/或方向方面的连续变化，我们提出了针对MAs量身定制的新的场响应信道模型，该模型适用于窄带和宽带系统以及远场和近场传播条件。随后，我们回顾了实现MAs的最新架构，并讨论了它们的实际限制。然后制定了一个通用优化框架，以充分利用天线运动的空间自由度（DoFs）来提高无线系统的性能。特别地，我们深入研究了MA系统的两个主要设计问题。首先，我们解决了各种通信和/或传感系统中复杂的天线运动优化问题，以最大限度地提高MAs可以实现的性能增益。其次，我们处理了MA系统中具有挑战性的信道获取问题，用于重建发射器和接收器区域内任意天线位置之间的信道映射。此外，我们还展示了为ma辅助通信/传感开发的现有原型以及基于它们的实验结果。最后，讨论了移动通信设计在其他无线系统中的扩展及其与其他新兴无线技术的协同作用。我们还强调了这一领域有前景的研究方向，以启发未来的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS

CiteScore

80.20

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials is an online journal published by the IEEE Communications Society for tutorials and surveys covering all aspects of the communications field. Telecommunications technology is progressing at a rapid pace, and the IEEE Communications Society is committed to providing researchers and other professionals the information and tools to stay abreast. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials focuses on integrating and adding understanding to the existing literature on communications, putting results in context. Whether searching for in-depth information about a familiar area or an introduction into a new area, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials aims to be the premier source of peer-reviewed, comprehensive tutorials and surveys, and pointers to further sources. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials publishes only articles exclusively written for IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials and go through a rigorous review process before their publication in the quarterly issues. A tutorial article in the IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should be designed to help the reader to become familiar with and learn something specific about a chosen topic. In contrast, the term survey, as applied here, is defined to mean a survey of the literature. A survey article in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should provide a comprehensive review of developments in a selected area, covering its development from its inception to its current state and beyond, and illustrating its development through liberal citations from the literature. Both tutorials and surveys should be tutorial in nature and should be written in a style comprehensible to readers outside the specialty of the article.