Case Series: Magnitude and duration of fentanyl and xylazine detection in the urine of persons with opioid use disorder

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE American Journal on Addictions Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1111/ajad.70015

Helen E. Bird PharmD, William A. Clarke PhD, MBA, Craig W. Hendrix MD, Kelly E. Dunn PhD, MBA, Andrew S. Huhn PhD, MBA

{"title":"Case Series: Magnitude and duration of fentanyl and xylazine detection in the urine of persons with opioid use disorder","authors":"Helen E. Bird PharmD, William A. Clarke PhD, MBA, Craig W. Hendrix MD, Kelly E. Dunn PhD, MBA, Andrew S. Huhn PhD, MBA","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background/Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>The pharmacology of fentanyl and xylazine is not characterized in persons regularly exposed to illicit fentanyl. This case series presents individual-level urine pharmacokinetics of fentanyl, norfentanyl, and xylazine in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 11) provided urine samples (<i>n</i> = 95) for quantitative analysis. Terminal half-lives and predicted detection times were calculated.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Urinary half-life ranges were: fentanyl 1.5–28.7 h, norfentanyl 5.2–27.4 h, and xylazine 1.1–25.2 h. Predicted detection window ranges were: fentanyl 13.0–130.9 h (0.5–5.5 days), norfentanyl 64.8–255.9 h (2.7–10.7 days), and xylazine 13.8–123.4 h (0.6–5.1 days).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Discussion/Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Persons are presenting with a high magnitude of drug exposure that lends to an extended duration of urinary detection.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Significance</h3>\n \n <p>First characterization of urinary excretion in persons with OUD.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 4","pages":"465-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal on Addictions","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajad.70015","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SUBSTANCE ABUSE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background/Objectives

The pharmacology of fentanyl and xylazine is not characterized in persons regularly exposed to illicit fentanyl. This case series presents individual-level urine pharmacokinetics of fentanyl, norfentanyl, and xylazine in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods

Participants (N = 11) provided urine samples (n = 95) for quantitative analysis. Terminal half-lives and predicted detection times were calculated.

Results

Urinary half-life ranges were: fentanyl 1.5–28.7 h, norfentanyl 5.2–27.4 h, and xylazine 1.1–25.2 h. Predicted detection window ranges were: fentanyl 13.0–130.9 h (0.5–5.5 days), norfentanyl 64.8–255.9 h (2.7–10.7 days), and xylazine 13.8–123.4 h (0.6–5.1 days).

Discussion/Conclusions

Persons are presenting with a high magnitude of drug exposure that lends to an extended duration of urinary detection.

Significance

First characterization of urinary excretion in persons with OUD.

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

病例系列：阿片类药物使用障碍患者尿液中芬太尼和噻嗪检测的幅度和持续时间。

背景/目的：芬太尼和噻嗪的药理学在经常接触非法芬太尼的人群中没有特征。本病例系列介绍了阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）患者芬太尼、去芬太尼和噻嗪的个体尿药代动力学。方法：11例受试者提供尿样95例进行定量分析。计算了终端半衰期和预测检测时间。结果：尿半衰期范围：芬太尼1.5 ~ 28.7 h，去芬太尼5.2 ~ 27.4 h，噻嗪1.1 ~ 25.2 h。预测检测窗口范围为：芬太尼13.0 ~ 130.9 h（0.5 ~ 5.5天）、去芬太尼64.8 ~ 255.9 h（2.7 ~ 10.7天）、噻嗪13.8 ~ 123.4 h（0.6 ~ 5.1天）。讨论/结论：患者表现为高度药物暴露，导致尿检时间延长。意义：OUD患者尿排泄的第一个特征。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

American Journal on Addictions SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： The American Journal on Addictions is the official journal of the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. The Academy encourages research on the etiology, prevention, identification, and treatment of substance abuse; thus, the journal provides a forum for the dissemination of information in the extensive field of addiction. Each issue of this publication covers a wide variety of topics ranging from codependence to genetics, epidemiology to dual diagnostics, etiology to neuroscience, and much more. Features of the journal, all written by experts in the field, include special overview articles, clinical or basic research papers, clinical updates, and book reviews within the area of addictions.