Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma: a single center experience in Jordan.

Abstract

Objectives: We evaluated the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of colorectal polyps to formulate an appropriate screening program.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who underwent complete colonoscopy at Jordan University Hospital from January to September 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle habits, medication history, family history of cancer, laboratory parameters, quality of bowel preparation, and polyp characteristics were evaluated. Binary logistic regression was utilized to find predictors of colorectal polyps.

Results: A total of 965 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 53.9 ± 17.1 years and a male predominance (52.7%). Polyps were detected in 28.1% of patients, with 18% having one polyp, 10.4% having two polyps, and 3.3% having more than two polyps. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age, high BMI, male gender, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and family history of CRC were positive predictors of polyps. The right colon (cecum and ascending colon) was the most common location for polyps (51%), followed by the sigmoid colon (24.8%). The most common histologic subtype of polyps was tubular adenoma (48.2%). The prevalence of CRC was 18.65 per 1000 patients.

Conclusion: We highlight the fair prevalence of colorectal polyps and CRC in a Jordanian cohort. Awareness campaigns, screening strategies, and promotion of healthy lifestyles could help alleviate the burden of the disease, particularly among patients with classical risk factors for CRC.