The influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in opioid receptors genes on opioid use disorder susceptibility among Egyptian population: A case-control study

IF 1 Q4 GENETICS & HEREDITY Gene Reports Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1016/j.genrep.2025.102180

Amira A. Abdelnoor , Mostafa M. Kamel , Fatma M. Elgazzar , Afaf M. Elsaid , Anas M. AboSamak

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Abstract

Background

Opioid use disorder (OUD) vulnerability, progression, and course are driven by biological, developmental, environmental, and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in opioid receptor (OPR) genes can influence receptor expression, structure, or function, potentially altering OUD susceptibility and impacting treatment response and relapse rates. Delta receptors 1 (OPRD1), kappa receptors 1 (OPRK1), and mu receptors 1 (OPRM1) are commonly studied OUD-related genes. They were examined in different ethnic groups, and their results conflicted. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the impact of sociodemographic and genetic factors on OUD risk in a sample of Egyptians. It fills a crucial gap in understanding the effect of SNPs within OPR genes on OUD among Egyptians.

Methods

This case-control study evaluated 50 opioid substance users versus 50 healthy, age- and sex-matched non-substance users. The sociodemographic profiles and opioid use data were collected from medical records and semi-structured interviews. Participants were assessed through the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Symptom Checklist. The SNPs in T921C of OPRD1, G36T of OPRK1, and A118G of OPRM1 genes were adopted. Venous blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and gene SNPs were examined after PCR amplification under an ultraviolet transilluminator.

Results

The OUD group exhibited polymorphisms in OPRD1 (2 %), OPRK1 (10 %), and OPRM1 (2 %) with no significant associations between SNPs and OUD. Multivariable regression analysis identified important OUD risk factors, including low education levels and a positive family history of SU. They were associated with an increased likelihood of OUD with 8 and 6 times, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides initial evidence suggesting that OUD susceptibility among Egyptians is mainly related to sociodemographic factors rather than genetic polymorphisms in OPR genes. Pre-university education, including illiterate participants, as well as participants with primary and secondary education, increased OUD susceptibility risk >8 times (P value < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio 8.652 with 95 % confidence interval). A positive family history of SU was linked with increased susceptibility by more than sixfold (P value 0.029, adjusted odds ratio 6.101 with 95 % confidence interval).

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来源期刊

Gene Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

246

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Gene Reports publishes papers that focus on the regulation, expression, function and evolution of genes in all biological contexts, including all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, as well as viruses. Gene Reports strives to be a very diverse journal and topics in all fields will be considered for publication. Although not limited to the following, some general topics include: DNA Organization, Replication & Evolution -Focus on genomic DNA (chromosomal organization, comparative genomics, DNA replication, DNA repair, mobile DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA). Expression & Function - Focus on functional RNAs (microRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNA splicing, alternative polyadenylation) Regulation - Focus on processes that mediate gene-read out (epigenetics, chromatin, histone code, transcription, translation, protein degradation). Cell Signaling - Focus on mechanisms that control information flow into the nucleus to control gene expression (kinase and phosphatase pathways controlled by extra-cellular ligands, Wnt, Notch, TGFbeta/BMPs, FGFs, IGFs etc.) Profiling of gene expression and genetic variation - Focus on high throughput approaches (e.g., DeepSeq, ChIP-Seq, Affymetrix microarrays, proteomics) that define gene regulatory circuitry, molecular pathways and protein/protein networks. Genetics - Focus on development in model organisms (e.g., mouse, frog, fruit fly, worm), human genetic variation, population genetics, as well as agricultural and veterinary genetics. Molecular Pathology & Regenerative Medicine - Focus on the deregulation of molecular processes in human diseases and mechanisms supporting regeneration of tissues through pluripotent or multipotent stem cells.