Evaluating the Relationship Between Medication Adherence, Dietary Practices, and Physical Activity in Heart Transplant Recipients

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 SURGERY Clinical Transplantation Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1111/ctr.70125

Eda Ayten Kankaya, Yaprak Sarıgol Ordin, Derya Kayıhan, Çağatay Engin, Ümit Kahraman

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Abstract

Introduction

Medication adherence is critical to improve quality of life, reduce transplant-related complications, and increase survival. Nonadherent health behaviors after heart transplantation lead to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased quality of life, increased medical costs, and overuse of healthcare services in heart transplant patients (HTR).

This study examined the relationship between heart transplant recipients' medication adherence, dietary practices, and physical activity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital's Heart and Lung Transplant Outpatient Clinic. The sample included adult HTR who had undergone transplantation at least 6 months prior. Data were collected using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale, a Nutritional Behaviors Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form Statistical analyses using SPSS 24.0, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Among 70 participants, 42.85% were non-adherent to immunosuppressive medications. Factors influencing adherence included age and time since transplantation. Dietary assessments revealed that while most patients practiced washing fruits and vegetables, adherence to other food safety measures was low. Physical activity levels indicated that 50% of participants were physically inactive, with high body mass index significantly correlating with lower activity levels. Patients with medication adherence had higher physical activity levels.

Conclusion

The study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions to improve medication adherence, dietary practices, and physical activity among HTR. Addressing these factors is essential for enhancing patient outcomes, reducing morbidity and mortality, and improving quality of life posttransplant. Further research is warranted to explore the barriers and facilitators influencing these health behaviors in diverse populations.

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导言：坚持用药对于提高生活质量、减少移植相关并发症和提高存活率至关重要。心脏移植后不遵医嘱的健康行为会导致心脏移植患者（HTR）发病率和死亡率上升、生活质量下降、医疗费用增加以及过度使用医疗服务。本研究探讨了心脏移植受者服药依从性、饮食习惯和体育锻炼之间的关系。方法这项横断面研究在一所大学医院的心肺移植门诊进行。样本包括至少在 6 个月前接受过移植手术的成年心肺移植患者。使用巴塞尔免疫抑制药物依从性评估量表、营养行为问卷和国际体力活动问卷简表收集数据，并使用 SPSS 24.0 进行统计分析，显著性设定为 p <0.05。结果在 70 名参与者中，42.85% 的人没有坚持服用免疫抑制剂。影响服药依从性的因素包括年龄和移植后时间。饮食评估显示，虽然大多数患者会清洗水果和蔬菜，但对其他食品安全措施的依从性较低。体力活动水平表明，50%的参与者缺乏体力活动，而体重指数高与活动水平低明显相关。坚持服药的患者的体育锻炼水平较高。结论该研究强调，亟需采取有针对性的干预措施，以改善 HTR 患者的服药依从性、饮食习惯和体育锻炼。解决这些因素对于提高患者的治疗效果、降低发病率和死亡率以及改善移植后的生活质量至关重要。有必要开展进一步的研究，探索影响不同人群这些健康行为的障碍和促进因素。

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来源期刊

Clinical Transplantation 医学-外科

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

4.80%

发文量

286

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Clinical Transplantation: The Journal of Clinical and Translational Research aims to serve as a channel of rapid communication for all those involved in the care of patients who require, or have had, organ or tissue transplants, including: kidney, intestine, liver, pancreas, islets, heart, heart valves, lung, bone marrow, cornea, skin, bone, and cartilage, viable or stored. Published monthly, Clinical Transplantation’s scope is focused on the complete spectrum of present transplant therapies, as well as also those that are experimental or may become possible in future. Topics include: Immunology and immunosuppression; Patient preparation; Social, ethical, and psychological issues; Complications, short- and long-term results; Artificial organs; Donation and preservation of organ and tissue; Translational studies; Advances in tissue typing; Updates on transplant pathology;. Clinical and translational studies are particularly welcome, as well as focused reviews. Full-length papers and short communications are invited. Clinical reviews are encouraged, as well as seminal papers in basic science which might lead to immediate clinical application. Prominence is regularly given to the results of cooperative surveys conducted by the organ and tissue transplant registries. Clinical Transplantation: The Journal of Clinical and Translational Research is essential reading for clinicians and researchers in the diverse field of transplantation: surgeons; clinical immunologists; cryobiologists; hematologists; gastroenterologists; hepatologists; pulmonologists; nephrologists; cardiologists; and endocrinologists. It will also be of interest to sociologists, psychologists, research workers, and to all health professionals whose combined efforts will improve the prognosis of transplant recipients.