Dermatological adverse effects of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Importance: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation provides immediate improvement in hydrocephalus management; however, it is associated with various complications, including infection and shunt malfunction.

Objective: We systematically reviewed studies on patients of all ages who received ventriculoperitoneal shunts for managing hydrocephalus. The prevalence, severity, risk factors, and management of adverse dermatological effects were assessed.

Evidence review: To find relevant studies, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to April 2023. Medical subject headings, including "ventriculoperitoneal shunt" and "skin diseases" were searched as keywords. All studies that investigated the adverse effects of ventriculoperitoneal shunts on the skin were included. The strength of the included studies was assessed according to the modified version of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Findings: 29 articles, including 35 cases, were reviewed. Complications such as infection, allergies, skin breakdown, metastases due to underlying cancer, and breast-related problems occurred within days to 36 years after shunt insertion or the last revision. These common complications can be aggravated by underlying conditions, including previous surgeries, cancer, malnutrition, and breast implants.

Conclusions and relevance: Dermatological complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts are important to consider because they can significantly impact patient care. Promoting interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals is essential to facilitate the early identification and management of potential complications.