{"title":"Sustainable Atrazine Removal from Real Water Matrices Using Solar-Powered Electrooxidation","authors":"Bishwatma Biswas, Sudha Goel","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07822-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The removal of pesticides from water sources is critically important for safe and clean drinking water. We investigated atrazine (ATZ) removal from various natural water sources using electrooxidation (EO) to cater to the need for safe drinking water. Under optimum operating conditions, 99% ATZ and ~ 70% TOC removal was achieved in 120 min of electrolysis time. Radical scavenging study and Electron Spin Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) test showed that OH radicals and singlet oxygen were primarily responsible for the ATZ removal. ATZ removal was studied using synthetic water, filtered water, and river water, and the highest removal efficiencies observed were 98.30 ± 1.02%, 84.57 ± 1.18%, and 72.51 ± 1.34%, respectively. The phytotoxicity of EO-treated water was assessed using <i>Vigna radiata</i> seeds. The seed germination percentages observed at 0, 30, 90, and 120 min of EO treatment were 30, 50, 70, and 90%, respectively, compared to 100% obtained in the control (i.e., water without ATZ). Using solar energy as a power source instead of DC power reduced the total cost of the EO process by 12.78%. The EO process can effectively treat contaminated water, aiming to improve water quality and contributing to achieve sustainable development goals.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-025-07822-5","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The removal of pesticides from water sources is critically important for safe and clean drinking water. We investigated atrazine (ATZ) removal from various natural water sources using electrooxidation (EO) to cater to the need for safe drinking water. Under optimum operating conditions, 99% ATZ and ~ 70% TOC removal was achieved in 120 min of electrolysis time. Radical scavenging study and Electron Spin Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) test showed that OH radicals and singlet oxygen were primarily responsible for the ATZ removal. ATZ removal was studied using synthetic water, filtered water, and river water, and the highest removal efficiencies observed were 98.30 ± 1.02%, 84.57 ± 1.18%, and 72.51 ± 1.34%, respectively. The phytotoxicity of EO-treated water was assessed using Vigna radiata seeds. The seed germination percentages observed at 0, 30, 90, and 120 min of EO treatment were 30, 50, 70, and 90%, respectively, compared to 100% obtained in the control (i.e., water without ATZ). Using solar energy as a power source instead of DC power reduced the total cost of the EO process by 12.78%. The EO process can effectively treat contaminated water, aiming to improve water quality and contributing to achieve sustainable development goals.
期刊介绍：
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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