Enhanced Terahertz Characterization of Multilayer Graphene on Guided-Mode Resonance Filter: Boosting Sensitivity and Precision in Electrical and Optical Characteristics

Abstract

In this study, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is employed for the first time to explore the characteristics of mono-, bi-, and tri-layer graphene coated on guided-mode resonance filters (GMRFs). Owing to high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances of GMRF, the proposed method significantly enhances the resonance depth variation by up to 9.3, 5.1, and 4.2 times at 0.58 THz in TE mode for mono-, bi-, and tri-layer graphene, respectively, in contrast to conventional THz-TDS methods relying on amplitude variation at 0.50 THz in TE mode. Excellent agreement is observed between experimental results and theoretical simulations using the Kubo formula and Drude model, even accounting for variations in sidelobes at an incident angle of 0.6 degrees. Through meticulous fitting process between measurements and simulations for the resonances formed by the GMRF and graphene, the study accurately determines the electrical and optical properties of mono-, bi-, and tri-layer graphene, including frequency-dependent sheet conductivity (σ_s(ω)), mobility (μ), carrier density (N), and Fermi velocity (v_F). Furthermore, in the THz high-frequency region, the observation reveals that as the number of graphene layers increases, the decrease in σ_s(ω) occurs more rapidly than in single-layer graphene, attributed to the screening effect arising from electronic interactions between each graphene layer.