Recent Advances in the Construction and Application of Anion-Induced Cucurbit[n]uril-Based Supramolecular Assemblies via Outer-Surface Interactions

Abstract

Cucurbit[n]urils (abbreviated as Q[n]s or CB[n]s) are synthesized through the condensation of formaldehyde and glycoluril in a hydrochloric acid environment. These molecules exhibit three distinctive properties concerning their charge distribution: a neutral internal cavity, a positively charged outer surface, and a negatively charged portal carbonyl oxygen atoms. These unique characteristics facilitate the formation of supramolecular frameworks with a range of anions and metal polyanions. The primary focus of this review is on the creation of anion-induced Q[n]-based supramolecular self-assemblies and exploring their potential applications in metal ion sequestration and release, gas adsorption, as well as the development of fluorescence probes. Additionally, a concise review of current research on anion-induced Q[n]-based supramolecular compounds is provided, aiming to stimulate future advancements in the field of innovative supramolecular framework materials.