Which Parameter Related to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Superior for Predicting the Recurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients with Previous Coronary Heart Disease? A Real-World Study.

Abstract

Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established strategy for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effectiveness of specific LDL-C parameters in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) recurrence in real-world settings remains inadequately explored. This study aims to examine the relationship between MI recurrence and various LDL-C parameters in young CHD patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 1013 patients aged 18-44 at the time of initial CHD diagnosis, collected from the cardiology department clinics at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between October 2022 and October 2023. LDL-C levels were assessed at the time of CHD diagnosis and at the final follow-up. The primary outcome was MI events, analyzed using survival analysis and logistic regression models to determine associations with LDL-C parameters.

Results: The study included 1013 patients (mean age: 38.5 ± 3.9 years; 94.7% men), with a median follow-up time of 1.7 years. Initially, 13.6% had LDL-C levels <1.8 mmol/L, which increased to 37.8% by the study's end. During follow-up, 96 patients (9.5%) experienced MI. While LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L at baseline showed a slightly lower cumulative incidence of MI than LDL-C ≥1.8 mmol/L, the difference was not statistically significant (log-rank p = 0.335). Reductions in LDL-C levels of ≥50% and the patterns of change did not correlate with decreased MI risk. However, LDL-C <1.4 mmol/L at the final measurement was associated with a reduced MI risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-0.98) compared with LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the most important parameter related to LDL-C for predicting the recurrence of MI in young patients with a history of CHD is the ideal target LDL-C level. Lowering LDL-C to <1.4 mmol/L could potentially reduce MI risk, regardless of baseline LDL-C levels.