{"title":"Historical changes and driving factors of food-water-energy footprint consumption: A Case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city agglomeration","authors":"Ke Yang, Qi Han, Dujuan Yang, Bauke de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.106222","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food, water, and energy (FWE) are critical for the development of urban agglomerations, but research on FWE footprints at this scale remains limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the FWE footprints of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region in 2012 and 2017 at the city level. Using the multi-regional Input-Output model (MRIO) and Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA), the study identifies the key factors driving changes in these footprints across five dimensions. The analysis evaluates both actual and virtual FWE consumption, focusing on utilization coefficients and inter-industry connections. Key findings include: (1) Agriculture in Chengde and Zhangjiakou plays a vital role in the FWE nexus and requires more attention. (2) Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang are net inflow areas for FWE, while Tangshan and Chengde act as net outflow zones. (3) In 2017, agriculture was the largest contributor to virtual water outflows, followed by services, manufacturing, construction, energy, and mining. (4) In 2017, the virtual energy footprint was driven mainly by manufacturing and services, with strong links to the construction sector. (5) From 2012 to 2017, population size has the greatest effect on FWE footprints, while demand structure positively influences FWE growth in the construction industry. The study concludes with targeted recommendations for industrial strategies at both regional and city levels to enhance resource efficiency and promote sustainable development within the metropolitan agglomeration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sustainable Cities and Society","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221067072500099X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Food, water, and energy (FWE) are critical for the development of urban agglomerations, but research on FWE footprints at this scale remains limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the FWE footprints of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region in 2012 and 2017 at the city level. Using the multi-regional Input-Output model (MRIO) and Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA), the study identifies the key factors driving changes in these footprints across five dimensions. The analysis evaluates both actual and virtual FWE consumption, focusing on utilization coefficients and inter-industry connections. Key findings include: (1) Agriculture in Chengde and Zhangjiakou plays a vital role in the FWE nexus and requires more attention. (2) Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang are net inflow areas for FWE, while Tangshan and Chengde act as net outflow zones. (3) In 2017, agriculture was the largest contributor to virtual water outflows, followed by services, manufacturing, construction, energy, and mining. (4) In 2017, the virtual energy footprint was driven mainly by manufacturing and services, with strong links to the construction sector. (5) From 2012 to 2017, population size has the greatest effect on FWE footprints, while demand structure positively influences FWE growth in the construction industry. The study concludes with targeted recommendations for industrial strategies at both regional and city levels to enhance resource efficiency and promote sustainable development within the metropolitan agglomeration.
期刊介绍：
Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS) is an international journal that focuses on fundamental and applied research to promote environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities. The journal welcomes cross-cutting, multi-disciplinary research in various areas, including:
1. Smart cities and resilient environments;
2. Alternative/clean energy sources, energy distribution, distributed energy generation, and energy demand reduction/management;
3. Monitoring and improving air quality in built environment and cities (e.g., healthy built environment and air quality management);
4. Energy efficient, low/zero carbon, and green buildings/communities;
5. Climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban environments;
6. Green infrastructure and BMPs;
7. Environmental Footprint accounting and management;
8. Urban agriculture and forestry;
9. ICT, smart grid and intelligent infrastructure;
10. Urban design/planning, regulations, legislation, certification, economics, and policy;
11. Social aspects, impacts and resiliency of cities;
12. Behavior monitoring, analysis and change within urban communities;
13. Health monitoring and improvement;
14. Nexus issues related to sustainable cities and societies;
15. Smart city governance;
16. Decision Support Systems for trade-off and uncertainty analysis for improved management of cities and society;
17. Big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications and case studies;
18. Critical infrastructure protection, including security, privacy, forensics, and reliability issues of cyber-physical systems.
19. Water footprint reduction and urban water distribution, harvesting, treatment, reuse and management;
20. Waste reduction and recycling;
21. Wastewater collection, treatment and recycling;
22. Smart, clean and healthy transportation systems and infrastructure;
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