Cytokine Signature Unveils Subgroups of Patients With Immune-Mediated Sensory Neuronopathies

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1111/jns.70008

Christian P. Moritz, Yannick Tholance, Coralie Borowczyk, Fabienne Jospin, Stéphane Paul, Jean-Christophe Antoine, Jean-Philippe Camdessanché

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Immune-mediated sensory neuronopathies (SNN) can occur alongside autoimmune disorders (e.g., Sjögren syndrome), involve autoantibodies (such as anti-FGFR3 or anti-AGO antibodies), or present in isolation. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of proinflammatory cytokines in these conditions.

Methods

Blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, INF α-2, and INF-γ were measured using a Bioplex T200 platform and the Bio-Plex Pro Reagent Kit III in 113 patients with SNN between 2.4 and 464.4 months after symptom onset, categorized based on disease course (acute, subacute, chronic). Eighteen patients had anti-AGO antibodies, 48 had anti-FGFR3 antibodies, and 14 had an autoimmune disease without detectable anti-AGO or FGFR3 antibodies. Disease extent was measured by the SNN score, while the disease severity was evaluated using the modified Rankin score. Immunoreactivity against IL-6 and INF-γ was measured via ELISA.

Results

Multicomponent analysis utilizing cytokines levels identified four distinct patient subgroups characterized by differences in age at onset and SNN score. No significant differences were observed among the subgroups regarding disease course and severity, presence of anti-AGO or anti-FGFR3 antibodies, or association with an autoimmune disease. A small subgroup of three younger patients exhibited the highest levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Another subgroup of seven patients displayed elevated INF α-2 levels and tended towards highest SNN scores. The largest group (95 subjects) comprised older individuals with relatively lower cytokine levels and decreased anti-IL-6 immunoreactivity.

Interpretation

These cytokine profiles suggest diverse underlying mechanisms within immune-mediated SNN. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether certain profiles, particularly those involving young patients with elevated proinflammatory cytokines, might benefit from targeted treatments.

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来源期刊

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

7.90%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System is the official journal of the Peripheral Nerve Society. Founded in 1996, it is the scientific journal of choice for clinicians, clinical scientists and basic neuroscientists interested in all aspects of biology and clinical research of peripheral nervous system disorders. The Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes high quality articles on cell and molecular biology, genomics, neuropathic pain, clinical research, trials, and unique case reports on inherited and acquired peripheral neuropathies. Original articles are organized according to the topic in one of four specific areas: Mechanisms of Disease, Genetics, Clinical Research, and Clinical Trials. The journal also publishes regular review papers on hot topics and Special Issues on basic, clinical, or assembled research in the field of peripheral nervous system disorders. Authors interested in contributing a review-type article or a Special Issue should contact the Editorial Office to discuss the scope of the proposed article with the Editor-in-Chief.