CT Differentiation and Prognostic Modeling in COVID-19 and Influenza A Pneumonia

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives

This study aimed to compare CT features of COVID-19 and Influenza A pneumonia, develop a diagnostic differential model, and explore a prognostic model for lesion resolution.

Materials and Methods

A total of 446 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 with Influenza A pneumonitis underwent baseline chest CT evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was conducted after multivariate analysis and the results were presented as nomograms. Machine learning models were also evaluated for their diagnostic performance. Prognostic factors for lesion resolution were analyzed using Cox regression after excluding patients who were lost to follow-up, with a nomogram being created.

Results

COVID-19 patients showed more features such as thickening of bronchovascular bundles, crazy paving sign and traction bronchiectasis. Influenza A patients exhibited more features such as consolidation, coarse banding and pleural effusion (P < 0.05). The logistic regression model achieved AUC values of 0.937 (training) and 0.931 (validation). Machine learning models exhibited area under the curve values ranging from 0.8486 to 0.9017. COVID-19 patients showed better lesion resolution. Independent prognostic factors for resolution at baseline included age, sex, lesion distribution, morphology, coarse banding, and widening of the main pulmonary artery.

Conclusion

Distinct imaging features can differentiate COVID-19 from Influenza A pneumonia. The logistic discriminative model and each machine - learning network model constructed in this study demonstrated efficacy. The nomogram for the logistic discriminative model exhibited high utility. Patients with COVID-19 may exhibit a better resolution of lesions. Certain baseline characteristics may act as independent prognostic factors for complete resolution of lesions.