{"title":"Investigation of delayed cracks in heavy forged steel rolls for reduction gears","authors":"Ihho Park, Won-Jon Yang, Jae Hoon Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109481","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-induced cracking in heavy forged steel rolls was investigated to understand the damage mechanisms in cracked roller products. Cracks, initially observed several weeks after manufacturing, were found in the central band (A-type segregation region) of the roll, characterized by hairline cracks several millimeters in size. Microstructural analysis revealed an increased number of MnS inclusions at the crack sites, with these inclusions being larger in size and more abundant compared to other regions of the roll. Thermodynamic calculations and hydrogen pressure estimations were performed to model the conditions under which cracks propagate, particularly when hydrogen accumulates at the interface between MnS inclusions and the surrounding matrix. When the sulfur content was 0.003 wt%, cracks were predicted to occur when MnS inclusions exceeded approximately 1.3 µm in size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11677,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Failure Analysis","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 109481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Engineering Failure Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350630725002225","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/4 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydrogen-induced cracking in heavy forged steel rolls was investigated to understand the damage mechanisms in cracked roller products. Cracks, initially observed several weeks after manufacturing, were found in the central band (A-type segregation region) of the roll, characterized by hairline cracks several millimeters in size. Microstructural analysis revealed an increased number of MnS inclusions at the crack sites, with these inclusions being larger in size and more abundant compared to other regions of the roll. Thermodynamic calculations and hydrogen pressure estimations were performed to model the conditions under which cracks propagate, particularly when hydrogen accumulates at the interface between MnS inclusions and the surrounding matrix. When the sulfur content was 0.003 wt%, cracks were predicted to occur when MnS inclusions exceeded approximately 1.3 µm in size.
期刊介绍：
Engineering Failure Analysis publishes research papers describing the analysis of engineering failures and related studies.
Papers relating to the structure, properties and behaviour of engineering materials are encouraged, particularly those which also involve the detailed application of materials parameters to problems in engineering structures, components and design. In addition to the area of materials engineering, the interacting fields of mechanical, manufacturing, aeronautical, civil, chemical, corrosion and design engineering are considered relevant. Activity should be directed at analysing engineering failures and carrying out research to help reduce the incidences of failures and to extend the operating horizons of engineering materials.
Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties of materials and their behaviour when influenced by structure, process and environment. Metallic, polymeric, ceramic and natural materials are all included and the application of these materials to real engineering situations should be emphasised. The use of a case-study based approach is also encouraged.
Engineering Failure Analysis provides essential reference material and critical feedback into the design process thereby contributing to the prevention of engineering failures in the future. All submissions will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field.
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