Bismuth-Catalyzed Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Formic Acid: Material Innovation and Reactor Design

Abstract

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (eCO₂RR) has gained increasing attention as a promising strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of CO₂ emission while simultaneously producing valuable chemicals or fuels. By converting CO₂ into energy-rich products using renewable electricity, eCO₂RR provides a sustainable approach to reducing the carbon footprint and promoting a circular carbon economy. Among different reduction products, the formic acid (or formate) is particularly attractive due to its economic viability and diverse industrial applications, making it a key focus for both research and industrial adoption.