{"title":"Performance and efficiency: A multi-generational benchmark of modern processors on bandwidth-bound HPC applications","authors":"Balázs Drávai, István Z. Reguly","doi":"10.1016/j.future.2025.107793","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The last two years has seen the launch of a multitude of new x86 processors, in reaction to market demand. Intel has launched four families of Xeon Processors, with some novel architectural features; first the Sapphire Rapids generation which featured a version with on-package HBM, the Emerald Rapids generation, and then differentiated by releasing the performance-oriented Granite Rapids and the efficiency-oriented Sierra Forest families. In this work, we evaluate the performance and energy efficiency of CPUs from each of different generations and variants of Intel and AMD CPUs, with a particular focus on bandwidth-bound high performance computing (HPC) applications. We contrast runtime and energy consumption figures and track trends across generations. We furthermore study how enabling locality-improving optimizations increases cache reuse and overall performance, while reducing energy use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55132,"journal":{"name":"Future Generation Computer Systems-The International Journal of Escience","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 107793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Generation Computer Systems-The International Journal of Escience","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X25000883","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The last two years has seen the launch of a multitude of new x86 processors, in reaction to market demand. Intel has launched four families of Xeon Processors, with some novel architectural features; first the Sapphire Rapids generation which featured a version with on-package HBM, the Emerald Rapids generation, and then differentiated by releasing the performance-oriented Granite Rapids and the efficiency-oriented Sierra Forest families. In this work, we evaluate the performance and energy efficiency of CPUs from each of different generations and variants of Intel and AMD CPUs, with a particular focus on bandwidth-bound high performance computing (HPC) applications. We contrast runtime and energy consumption figures and track trends across generations. We furthermore study how enabling locality-improving optimizations increases cache reuse and overall performance, while reducing energy use.
期刊介绍：
Computing infrastructures and systems are constantly evolving, resulting in increasingly complex and collaborative scientific applications. To cope with these advancements, there is a growing need for collaborative tools that can effectively map, control, and execute these applications.
Furthermore, with the explosion of Big Data, there is a requirement for innovative methods and infrastructures to collect, analyze, and derive meaningful insights from the vast amount of data generated. This necessitates the integration of computational and storage capabilities, databases, sensors, and human collaboration.
Future Generation Computer Systems aims to pioneer advancements in distributed systems, collaborative environments, high-performance computing, and Big Data analytics. It strives to stay at the forefront of developments in grids, clouds, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to effectively address the challenges posed by these wide-area, fully distributed sensing and computing systems.
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