Highly sensitive non-invasive glucose sensing based on chitosan-coated MXene/NiCo-LDH composites

Abstract

A highly sensitive non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensor was fabricated using MXene and nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH), followed by the coating of chitosan (CS). MXene layers provide extensive conductive pathways and high surface area for effective glucose adsorption and electron transfer. The incorporation of NiCo-LDH enhances specific catalytic efficiency, significantly boosting the selectivity and sensitivity of the glucose sensor. Chitosan contributes to the structural stability and biocompatibility of the composite, enhancing sensor performance in complex biological matrices such as saliva. By leveraging the synergistic effects of MXene, NiCo-LDH, and chitosan, the sensor possesses significant progresses on sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. The sensor achieves high sensitivity (154.05 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), wide linear detection range (1 μM to 3.998 mM), and low detection limit of 0.21 μM (S/N = 3, RSD = 2.4 %), making it a promising tool for diabetes management and non-invasive health monitoring.