Color vision-associated environmental and biological factors in the development of myopia

Abstract

As a global public health problem, myopia has attracted more and more attention for its high prevalence and severe visual impairment. Although extensive research on the risk factors for myopia has been conducted, the underlying pathogenesis is still unclear. Color vision, mediated by retinal cone cells, is a fundamental and important component of human visual functions. Indeed, numerous studies implicate color vision-associated environmental and biological factors in myopia pathogenesis, indicating that related interventions may delay myopia progression. Studies have shown that color vision can induce different accommodation responses under near work conditions and exert opposite effects in different light environments to influence myopia advancement. Besides, color vision-related genes and metabolites are proven to be correlated with myopia. This review aims to make detailed elaborations on the role of color vision in myopia and its potential interaction mechanism, hoping to provide new ideas for myopia prevention.