(Z)-N-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-4-heptyl-4-hydroxythiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-bromobenzamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: exploration of its in vitro and in silico studies

Abstract

Human Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) have been clinically used to treat a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, haemolytic anaemia, glaucoma, retinopathy, and epilepsy. To develop a Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor, Iminothiazoline analogue ((Z)-N-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-4-heptyl-4-hydroxythiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-bromobenzamide) was synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) were conducted to find the exact molecular structure as well as intermolecular interactions. DFT Calculations indicated the soft and reactive nature of molecule. In-Vitro carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies showed the excellent inhibition potential of (Z)-N-(3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-4-heptyl-4-hydroxythiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-bromobenzamide (IC₅₀ value of 0.147 ± 0.03 µM). Four hydrogen bonds and a multiple hydrophobic interactions were observed between synthesized molecule and the enzyme during Molecular docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulation studies showed that Protein–ligand complex generally remained stable throughout the time. ADMET studies suggested the need of structural modification for the drug like behavior of synthesized molecule.