Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection suspected patients in the northwestern region of Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are common causes of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance is frequently observed in these pathogens, posing significant challenges to treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection suspect patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (DMCSH).

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01, 2021, to May 30, 2021. A consecutive convenient sampling technique was applied to select 200 nosocomial infection suspected patients. Clinical samples were collected and inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Tryptic Soyo broth. Testing for antibiotic susceptibility was done on Mueller Hinton agar.

Results: The overall prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among nosocomial infection suspected patients was 11.5 %. All isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginoasa and Acinetobacter baumannii were 100% resistant to cefepime and piperacillin. Prolonged hospitalization and antibiotics use were significant determinants of P. aeurgnosa and A. baumannii-induced nosocomial infection (AOR: 5.691, 95% CI: 1.069-7.296, P< 0.050 and AOR: 4.199, 95% CI: 0.997-6.675, P< 0.042, respectively).

Conclusions: The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was high in the study area. Therefore, there should be serious attention to control the spread of drug-resistant nosocomial infections in the study area.