Oral mucosa: anti-inflammatory function, mechanisms, and applications

Abstract

Large soft tissue injuries require several weeks to heal and frequently leave fibrotic scars that can negatively impact tissue function. However, the applicability of traditional skin and mucous membrane transplantation for the treatment of lesions in the ocular surface and urethra is limited owing to the unique locations and functions of these tissues. Oral mucosa has been widely used in the repair of such injuries owing to its reduced propensity for inducing an inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and scarring. Enhancing chronic wound healing while avoiding scar formation requires a broader understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways that drive wound repair in the oral mucosa. This review integrates current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the resistance of the oral mucosa to inflammation and its application as a graft material, highlighting its challenges and potential advancements. The aim of this review is to offer insights into future therapeutic strategies for wound healing and related conditions.