Bioaugmentation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate M1 in a continuous sequential phytoreactor integrating Scirpus grossus and Eichhornia crassipes plants for batik effluent treatment
Nurull Muna Daud , Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah , Siti Shilatul Najwa Sharuddin , Ahmad Razi Othman , Hassimi Abu Hasan , Noorashikin Md Salleh , Nur ’Izzati Ismail
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Phytoremediation offers a more cost-effective and sustainable treatment for Southeast Asia's heritage fabric industry, batik, which reportedly has high costs and short-skilled labour issues. The long treatment period taken by phytoremediation treatment can be shortened through bioaugmentation with other approaches. This study explored the efficacy of a sequential phytoreactor (sPR) of the emergent plant (Scirpus grossus) and floating plant (Eichhornia crassipes) bioaugmented with Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate M1 for batik wastewater treatment. Four sets of sPRs, (PC (plant control), R (1st stage of sPR with PGPR), WR (1st stage of sPR without PGPR), and control contaminant (CC)) were prepared. All reactors except PC were continuously fed with real batik wastewater (COD: 637 ± 16 mg/L) and monitored for 21 days. At the end of exposure, it was identified that the application of K. pneumoniae isolate M1 had boosted the growth of S. grossus by 123.8 %, increased the COD removal by 13 % and shortened the time taken to reduce the contaminants contents to a certain limit. The effluent COD and colour from the 1st stage of sPR effluent were recorded as 314 mg/L and 207 ADMI, respectively. The effluent COD and colour from the 2nd stage of sPR were recorded as 407 mg/L and 428 ADMI, respectively. Despite both parameters being above standard limits, detailed characterisation of plants, wastewater and K. pneumoniae isolate M1 confirmed the significant removal of contaminant contents from batik wastewater. The analysis also proposed that the contaminants' removal mechanisms by both plants involved rhizodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytostabilisation, phytotransformation/phytodegradation and phytoextraction.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies