Prevalence and molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in the Hazara Division, Pakistan.

IF 2.9 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Frontiers in Veterinary Science Pub Date : 2025-02-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fvets.2025.1542572

Safia Arbab, Hanif Ullah, Inam Ul Hassan, Suleman, Weiwei Wang, Abdul Qadeer, Jiya Zhang

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Abstract

Introduction: Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworm larvae, forming cysts in organs like the liver and lungs. It primarily affects livestock and humans, with significant public health and economic implications worldwide. In the Hazara Division, the prevalence and genetic diversity of the Echinococcus is largely unexplored. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosis (EG) in livestock.

Materials and methods: From April 2023 to April 2024, a total of 480 livestock animals, including buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep, were examined for echinococcosis across various slaughterhouses in the Hazara Division. Cysts of Echinococcus were collected from different organs, and the cyst fluid (CF) was microscopically analyzed before DNA extraction. PCR amplification was performed targeting the Cox1 (317 bp) and Cyto B (309 bp) genes to confirm the presence of E. granulosus.

Results: The overall prevalence of Cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 12.2% (59/480), with rates observed in different species as follows: cattle (13.1%), buffaloes (15.2%), goats (6.3%), and sheep (5.7%), (p-0.658). District-wise, higher prevalence rates were recorded in Haripur and Mansehra districts (17.5% and 16.2%), followed by Abbottabad and Battagram (12.5% and 11.2%). The lowest prevalence of infection was observed in the upper and lower Kohistan districts, with rates ranging from (8.7% and 7.5%), respectively. The infection was more common in male animals than in females, particularly among those older than 4-5 years (p =0.048). Sex-wise prevalence varied across species, with cattle showing rates of 12.4% in males and 14.3% in females. In buffaloes, prevalence was 20% in males and 13.3% in females, followed by sheep at 5% in males and 6.2% in females, and goats at 8% in males. Most animals in the study were older than three years, with the highest number of cysts found in animals over five years of age. Hydatid cysts were most found in the liver (39.1%) and lungs (34.7%), followed by the kidneys (17.3%) and heart (8.6%), (p-0.01).

Conclusion: In conclusion, E.G. is highly prevalent in the livestock population of the Hazara division.

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巴基斯坦哈扎拉地区家畜囊性包虫病的流行和分子特征。

棘球蚴病是由棘球绦虫幼虫引起的一种寄生虫性人畜共患疾病，在肝脏和肺部等器官形成囊肿。它主要影响牲畜和人类，在世界范围内具有重大的公共卫生和经济影响。在哈扎拉地区，棘球绦虫的流行程度和遗传多样性在很大程度上尚未得到探索。因此，本研究旨在评估棘球绦虫肉芽肿病（EG）在家畜中的流行情况。材料和方法：从2023年4月至2024年4月，在哈扎拉省的各个屠宰场对包括水牛、牛、山羊和绵羊在内的480头牲畜进行了棘球蚴病检查。从不同器官采集棘球蚴囊，在提取DNA前对囊液进行显微镜分析。对Cox1基因（317 bp）和Cyto B基因（309 bp）进行PCR扩增，证实颗粒棘球蚴存在。结果：囊性棘球蚴病（CE）的总患病率为12.2%(59/480)，不同种属的发病率分别为：牛（13.1%）、水牛（15.2%）、山羊（6.3%）和绵羊（5.7%），差异有统计学意义（p = 0.658）。从地区来看，哈里普尔县和曼塞赫拉县的患病率较高（17.5%和16.2%），其次是阿伯塔巴德县和巴特格拉姆县（12.5%和11.2%）。感染流行率最低的是上科伊斯坦区和下科伊斯坦区，感染率分别为8.7%和7.5%。感染在雄性动物中比雌性动物更常见，特别是在4-5岁以上的动物中（p =0.048）。不同物种的性别患病率各不相同，牛的雄性患病率为12.4%，雌性为14.3%。在水牛中，男性患病率为20%，女性患病率为13.3%，其次是绵羊，男性患病率为5%，女性患病率为6.2%，山羊男性患病率为8%。研究中的大多数动物年龄都在三岁以上，五岁以上的动物中发现的囊肿数量最多。以肝脏（39.1%）和肺部（34.7%）居多，其次为肾脏（17.3%）和心脏（8.6%），差异有统计学意义（p < 0.01）。结论：在哈扎拉地区的牲畜种群中，eg是高度流行的。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Veterinary Science Veterinary-General Veterinary

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1870

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy. Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field. Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.