{"title":"Energy Consumption Analysis of 5G C-V2X Sensor Sharing for Tele-Operated Driving","authors":"Hanyoung Park;Yongjae Jang;Kanghyun Ko;Ji-Woong Choi","doi":"10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3548116","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"As autonomous driving technology advances, the demand for unmanned mobility applications continues to grow. However, due to the imperfections in current autonomous driving systems, incidents still occur, highlighting the challenges of full driverless services. Moreover, the computation of complex autonomous driving algorithms requires an on-board computing unit, which consumes a large amount of energy. To address these limitations, tele-operated driving (ToD) has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing autonomous intelligent transportation systems (ITS). By enabling remote entities, such as remote users or servers, to control vehicles and manage edge cases in autonomous driving, ToD combines the benefits of both unmanned mobility and human oversight. To support ToD service, a real-time sensor sharing system for vehicles is essential, and cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication is suitable for the required network connectivity. However, most research has not focused on high-volume data transmission, which is required for sensor sharing systems. Additionally, the energy consumption of C-V2X, which directly impacts the battery efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) as an example, has not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework for energy consumption analysis of ToD. Based on this framework, we analyze the energy consumption of vehicle for sensor data transmission over 5G C-V2X under varying channel conditions and multi-user scenarios. We also investigate the extent to which using ToD is energy-saving compared to the energy consumption of an on-board high-performance computing unit. Our findings indicate that the uplink-based sensor sharing system is more energy-efficient than its sidelink-based counterpart. Additionally, sensor sharing for ToD can save more energy of the battery in the vehicle compared to relying on the high-performance on-board computing unit.","PeriodicalId":13079,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Access","volume":"13 ","pages":"42547-42558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10910110","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Access","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10910110/","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
As autonomous driving technology advances, the demand for unmanned mobility applications continues to grow. However, due to the imperfections in current autonomous driving systems, incidents still occur, highlighting the challenges of full driverless services. Moreover, the computation of complex autonomous driving algorithms requires an on-board computing unit, which consumes a large amount of energy. To address these limitations, tele-operated driving (ToD) has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing autonomous intelligent transportation systems (ITS). By enabling remote entities, such as remote users or servers, to control vehicles and manage edge cases in autonomous driving, ToD combines the benefits of both unmanned mobility and human oversight. To support ToD service, a real-time sensor sharing system for vehicles is essential, and cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication is suitable for the required network connectivity. However, most research has not focused on high-volume data transmission, which is required for sensor sharing systems. Additionally, the energy consumption of C-V2X, which directly impacts the battery efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs) as an example, has not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework for energy consumption analysis of ToD. Based on this framework, we analyze the energy consumption of vehicle for sensor data transmission over 5G C-V2X under varying channel conditions and multi-user scenarios. We also investigate the extent to which using ToD is energy-saving compared to the energy consumption of an on-board high-performance computing unit. Our findings indicate that the uplink-based sensor sharing system is more energy-efficient than its sidelink-based counterpart. Additionally, sensor sharing for ToD can save more energy of the battery in the vehicle compared to relying on the high-performance on-board computing unit.
IEEE AccessCOMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMSENGIN-ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
7.70%
发文量
6673
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍:
IEEE Access® is a multidisciplinary, open access (OA), applications-oriented, all-electronic archival journal that continuously presents the results of original research or development across all of IEEE''s fields of interest.
IEEE Access will publish articles that are of high interest to readers, original, technically correct, and clearly presented. Supported by author publication charges (APC), its hallmarks are a rapid peer review and publication process with open access to all readers. Unlike IEEE''s traditional Transactions or Journals, reviews are "binary", in that reviewers will either Accept or Reject an article in the form it is submitted in order to achieve rapid turnaround. Especially encouraged are submissions on:
Multidisciplinary topics, or applications-oriented articles and negative results that do not fit within the scope of IEEE''s traditional journals.
Practical articles discussing new experiments or measurement techniques, interesting solutions to engineering.
Development of new or improved fabrication or manufacturing techniques.
Reviews or survey articles of new or evolving fields oriented to assist others in understanding the new area.