Energy Market Manipulation via False-Data Injection Attacks: A Review

IF 3.4 3区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS IEEE Access Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3548914
Ghadeer O. Alsharif;Christos Anagnostopoulos;Angelos K. Marnerides
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Abstract

Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) are critical indicators in modern energy markets, representing the cost of delivering electricity at specific locations while considering the generation and transmission constraints. LMPs facilitate the transition to dynamic energy markets by providing real-time pricing signals that reflect supply and demand conditions, thereby incentivizing efficient resource allocation and encouraging investments in renewable energy sources. However, determining LMPs requires the processing of vast amounts of data, including real-time electricity demand, generation capacities, transmission line statuses, and market bids. Owing to vulnerabilities in the underlying sensors and communication infrastructure, adversaries can launch profit-driven stealthy False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) to manipulate LMPs. Such manipulations can have severe consequences, including inflated electricity prices, reduced market efficiency, distorted competition, and hindered integration of renewable energy sources. Although several studies have examined the operational consequences of FDIAs, their financial impact on energy market outcomes remains insufficiently explored. This work presents a comprehensive review of FDIAs aimed at manipulating LMPs, a key pricing mechanism in modern energy markets. A detailed analysis was conducted to identify vulnerabilities arising from both the energy system infrastructure and market operations. In addition, existing energy market threat models and defense mechanisms are systematically reviewed. Finally, key research gaps are identified, and future research directions are outlined to enhance the resilience of energy markets against FDIA threats.
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来源期刊
IEEE Access
IEEE Access COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMSENGIN-ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
7.70%
发文量
6673
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: IEEE Access® is a multidisciplinary, open access (OA), applications-oriented, all-electronic archival journal that continuously presents the results of original research or development across all of IEEE''s fields of interest. IEEE Access will publish articles that are of high interest to readers, original, technically correct, and clearly presented. Supported by author publication charges (APC), its hallmarks are a rapid peer review and publication process with open access to all readers. Unlike IEEE''s traditional Transactions or Journals, reviews are "binary", in that reviewers will either Accept or Reject an article in the form it is submitted in order to achieve rapid turnaround. Especially encouraged are submissions on: Multidisciplinary topics, or applications-oriented articles and negative results that do not fit within the scope of IEEE''s traditional journals. Practical articles discussing new experiments or measurement techniques, interesting solutions to engineering. Development of new or improved fabrication or manufacturing techniques. Reviews or survey articles of new or evolving fields oriented to assist others in understanding the new area.
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