Xiuwen Gao , Zhenyu Zhao , Zichao Zeng , Yan Yan Chen , Wei Li , Fangwei Qi , Pan He , Cijun Shuai
{"title":"In situ synthesis of iron oxide on graphene oxide: Assisting bone scaffold to achieve magnetoelectrical stimulation","authors":"Xiuwen Gao , Zhenyu Zhao , Zichao Zeng , Yan Yan Chen , Wei Li , Fangwei Qi , Pan He , Cijun Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2025.106202","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles and piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was expected to reconstruct the magnetoelectric microenvironment of bone tissue. Nevertheless, the dispersion of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in PVDF matrix was a challenge. Herein, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were in situ grown on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GO@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) to inhibit their aggregation in PVDF scaffold. Specifically, the enormous specific surface area of GO supplied abundant space for the uniform nucleation and growth of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. In turn, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> would act as steric hindrance to suppress the stacking of GO nanosheets. Morphological analysis indicated that GO@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was uniformly distributed in PVDF matrix. Particularly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polarization microscope measurements revealed that oxygen-containing functional groups on GO forced the orientation arrangement of -CF<sub>2</sub> groups in PVDF through hydrogen bonding, forming piezoelectric β phase. As a result, the electrical output of the scaffold was significantly enhanced, with an output current of 57 nA and voltage of 8.5 V. Cell culture demonstrated that the enhanced electrical stimulation and synergistic magnetic stimulation effectively promoted the proliferation and differentiation of cells. Overall, this work might provide a perspective for the construction of scaffolds with simultaneous electrical and magnetic stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 106202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Surfaces and Interfaces","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468023025004614","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Integration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was expected to reconstruct the magnetoelectric microenvironment of bone tissue. Nevertheless, the dispersion of Fe3O4 in PVDF matrix was a challenge. Herein, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were in situ grown on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GO@Fe3O4) to inhibit their aggregation in PVDF scaffold. Specifically, the enormous specific surface area of GO supplied abundant space for the uniform nucleation and growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In turn, Fe3O4 would act as steric hindrance to suppress the stacking of GO nanosheets. Morphological analysis indicated that GO@Fe3O4 was uniformly distributed in PVDF matrix. Particularly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polarization microscope measurements revealed that oxygen-containing functional groups on GO forced the orientation arrangement of -CF2 groups in PVDF through hydrogen bonding, forming piezoelectric β phase. As a result, the electrical output of the scaffold was significantly enhanced, with an output current of 57 nA and voltage of 8.5 V. Cell culture demonstrated that the enhanced electrical stimulation and synergistic magnetic stimulation effectively promoted the proliferation and differentiation of cells. Overall, this work might provide a perspective for the construction of scaffolds with simultaneous electrical and magnetic stimulation.
期刊介绍:
The aim of the journal is to provide a respectful outlet for ''sound science'' papers in all research areas on surfaces and interfaces. We define sound science papers as papers that describe new and well-executed research, but that do not necessarily provide brand new insights or are merely a description of research results.
Surfaces and Interfaces publishes research papers in all fields of surface science which may not always find the right home on first submission to our Elsevier sister journals (Applied Surface, Surface and Coatings Technology, Thin Solid Films)